Combined type-writing, adding, and subtracting machine.



J. A. SMITH.

COMBINED TYPE WRITING, ADDING, AND SUBTRAOTING MACHINE.

Patented Sept. 3, 1912.

e sums-8112M 1.

APPLIOATION FILED MAY), 1908.

I J. .A. SMITH. v

' COMBINED TYPE WRITING, ADDING, AND SUBTRAGTING MACHINE. I

. I APPLICATION FILED MAY is, 1908. 1, Q37,350.-

6 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Patented Sept. 3,1912.

J. A. SMITH. COMBINED TYPE WRITING, ADDING, mp SUBIRAGTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED KAY 18, 1908.

Patented Sept. 3,1912.

\ a snnnT's-snnm s.

1 J. A. SMITH. I I COMBINED TYPE WRITING, ADDING, AND SI IBTRAGTING MACHINE.

Patented Sep1i3,1912.

APPLICATION IILED MAY 18, 1908.

J. A. SMITH. COMBINED TYPE WRITING, ADDING, AND SUBTRAOfI'ING MACHINE.

@ N8 \MQQQ Patented Sept. 3, 1912.

6 SHEETS-833E! 6.

' APPLIOATION FILED MAY 18, 1908.

J. A. SMITH. COMBINED TYPE WRITING, ADDING, AND SUBTRAGTING MACHINE.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 18,1908.

I Patented Sept. 3, 1912.

' To all w-hom it may concern UNITED STATES rum o FICE.

aronn A. sMi'rH, or HARRISBURG, rnnnsynvnmn, nssmnon Ell-'0 ELLIOTT-FISHER COMPANY, or NEW YORK, N. m, A conromurron ornnmwnnn. A

' connmnnrrrn-wm'rxns, Alanine, AND son'rm'c'rme maommi.

Be it known that 1, Joint A. SMITH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Harrisburg, in the county of Dauphin and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Combined Type-\Vriting, Adding, and Subtracting Machines, of which the following is a specification. I s

This invention relates to an adding and subtracting machine wherein subtraction is accomplished by whatis known as complemental addition.

Considered more specifically, the invention relates to a combined typewritin g and adding machine and has for itsob ect to provide a machine of this character with means facilitating complemental subtraction and including special keys for throwing nines into the register at the left of the subtrahend and for adding one tothe remainder obtained by the complemental addition, thus securing the exact remainder instead of imposing upon the operator the necessity of disregarding a superfluous digit of high order and of giving a false value to a digit of low order, as is usu-al when subtraction is accomplished by complemental addition in ordinary adding machines.

A further object of the invention is to provide a machine of this character with means whereby both the minnen'd and subtrahcnd' may be properly printed on the work sheet by the operation of the numeral keys simultaneously with theaccumulation of the value of the minuend and the comple ment of the suhtrahend in the computin device proper or register. To the accomp ishnrent of this object each of the numeral keys is arranged to print either of two complem-entul digits and is also arranged, upon depression thereof, to accumulate a given value corresponding to that'of one of the digits in the register, the key thus being arranged to print and add the'same value or to print a given value and add the complement thereof. I

A still further object of the invention is to equip a combined typewriting and adding machinewith two sets of numeral keys so arranged that the machine may be operated to print and osimultaneously add or subtract, or to add or subtract without printing.

Other objects, subordinate to those stated, will appear as the succeeding description is develo ed. I U

In t e accompanying drawings-Figure 1 is a sectional view of an Elh'ott-Fisher billing machine equipped in accordance with my invention, certain of the parts being broken away and others omitted. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal sectionalview through the carriage casing and showing more particularly the arrangement of the carriage feeding mechanism including the escapementp Fig. 4; is a sectional view showing more particularly the master wheel operating connections and the two 9 keys, the special Slj key being shown depressed in dotted lines to illustrate the manner in which this key is operate independently of the printing mechanism to throw 9 into the register and to operate the carriage feeding, mechanism. Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4, but showing the result of depressing the ordinary 9 key to operate the printing mechanism and the master wheel operating connection and to also cited the feed of the carriage Fig. 6 is a view' similar toFig. 4. but showingthe arrangementof the two 1 keys, the special 1 key being shown in dotted lines to indicate the manner in which this key operates independently of both the printing mechanism and the carriage teedingmechanisin to throw 1 intothe register. Fig. 7 isa similar view of the-same subject-matter, but showing in full lines the result of depressing the ordinary 1 keyto operate the adding mecl'ianism, the printing mechanism and the carriage feeding mechanism. Fig. 8 is a detail perspective view of the special or suplemental 1 key and its associated parts. "ig. 9 is a detail section through'the connection between the two 1 keys. Fig. 10 is a detail perspective view of the special or supplemental 9 key and its associated parts. Fig. 1 1 is a detailsection of the connection'hetwc'cn the two 9 keys. Fig. 12 is a sectional view of a portion Ofthe typewriter designed more'part-icularly to; show the case shift mechanism by means of which is a detail section designed to hung out Specification ol-Lctterslatent. Patented SeptsS, Application filed May 18,1908. surmise-133,493.

more clearly the arrangement of the catch 0 for the case key. Fig.14 isa diagrammatic view showing the arrangement of the supplemental keys, the numeral keys, and the upper and lower case types. Fig. 15 is a plan view of the machine equipped with two complete complements or banks of numeral keys, the keys of one bank being operative to print and add or subtract and the keys of the other bank being operative to add or subtract without printing, the latter bank of keys being supplemented by an additional l-key having no connection with either the carriage spacing mechanism or the printing mechanism and adapted to be utilized for throwing 1 into the register whenthe machine is utilized for subtraction, either with or without printing.

4 Tfze llflliottrl 'iskerbilling machine-The towhich my invention is shown apgfiieclli swhat is known to commerce as the El tftTisher billing machine. This machi e 1sj f? the type known as flat platen I: typewriters and embraces a flat platen 1 equipped with longitudinal tracks or guides- 2 upon which travels for line spacing a machine frame 3.

Mounted to travel transversely of the platen on the frame 3 is a carriage 4:, supporting printing mechanism in the form of type bars 5 equipped with type heads 6 each of which bears upper and lower case characters 7 and 8. Either of these characters may be brought in position to print by the operation of a case key 9 through the instrumentality of mechanism fully disclosed in Patent No. 708,213 to R. J. Fisher.

The particular manner in which the case Sufiice it to narily arranged to print, but by depressing the case key 9 any type bar operated will present its upper case character at the print- I ing point.' In the illustrated arrangement the case key serves to depress a trip a into cotiperative relation with a trigger b mountd on the type bar and normally retaining the plural type head 6 in lower case position. When'the trip occupies its depressed position indicated dotted lines in Fig. 12, the forward movement of the type bar to print brings the trigger into contact with the trip and the former is thrown back so that the type head will shift and thus present the upper case type to the printing point. It is usual also to provide a case key lock or latch 0 b means of which the ease key may be held in its depressed position.

The type bars 5 of the printing mechanism are operated through suitable intermediate connections 10 from letter and ,numeral kg: 11 and 12 located above the wing 4' of carriage 4. The carriage 4 18th"!!! in the direction of letter a acmg byspring drums.

(hot ishown) whic are mountedon the frame 3 and connected to the carriage by tapes 13, see Fig. 2. The advance of the carriage under the impulse of the pro elling mechanism is controlled by carriage Feeding mechanism which includes fixed racks 14 on the frame 3 (Figs. 1 and 2) engaged by front and rear feed pinions 15 (the latter only being shown,- see Fig. 1) mounted at the opposite ends of a carriage feed spindle 16 rotatable in suitable bearin s in the .carriage and movable laterally with the latter.

Secured to the spindle 16 within the carriage casing 4 is an annular rack or escapement wheel 17, Figs. 1 and 3, alternately engaged'by a holding dog 18 and'a spacing dog 19, the rack and dogs constituting an escapement. The dogs 18 and 19 are swung in opposite directions by a rocker 20 suitably connected to the do s and in turn operated from a rock .sha t 21 havin arms 22 from which are suspended verticalfy movr able slides 23 having projecting pins 24 overlying the rear ends of swinging yokes 25, the front portions of which underlie pins 26 projecting from the stems 27 of the keys 11 and 12.

The rock shaft 21 is held in its normal po sit-ion by a spring 28, see Fig. 3, which insures the engagement of the holding dog 18 with the wheel 17 and the consequent retention of the carriage until the carriage feeding mechanism is operated upon the depression of the key. When the key is depressed to print a character on the work sheet supported by the platen, the pin 26 carried by the stem of such key engages and swings one of the yokes 25 and thus elevates the slides 23 to rock the shaft 21 against the resistance of the spring 28. This rocking of the shaft swings the rocker 20 for the purpose of shifting the holding dog 18 out of engagement and the spacing dog 19 into engagement with the wheel 17. When the key is allowed to rise, the spring 28 causes the rocker 20 to be shifted back to its hormal position, the wheel 17 rotating tkdistance of one tooth after the ngagement of the dog 19 and before the heel is reengaged by the dog 18. This rotary movement of the wheel 17 and the feed spindle and pinions 16 and 15 effects a letter space movementof the carriage 4 subsequent to the printing of each character. For a more complete disclosure of the carriage feeding mechanism-seePatent No. 765,861 to John A. Smith.

The line s acemovement of the frame 3 longihidinal y of the platen is accomplished byl'imeeus of hne spacing mechanism which formaxno partof the present invention.

TM adding mechanism.-In addihbn to the described ty writer construction, the Elliott-Fisher hi1 ing machine. includes addingrngchanism. The numbers are typewritten in e epolumn by the machine and are added in a, register or computing device which is o'perated from the numeral keys.

At the rear side of the machine frame 3 suitable brackets 2.) sustain a register sup- 5 porting bar 30 in rear of the upper portion of the carriage 4. Longitudinally adjustable along the bar 30 is what isknown as the register 31, which includes a casing within which is mounted a series of denominational 0 members or number wheels '32 occupying dilt'erent denominational positions, for instance junits, tens, hundreds, thousands, etc, and having suitable carrying or transfer mechanism associated therewith and operative to carry or transfer the value accumulated upon each wheel. to the wheel 01' nexthigher order. In some forms of registers the Wheels 32 directly carry and exhibitthe digits, 0 to 9 inclusive, displayed upon the outer -faces of the peripheral teeth of said wheels; 1n the illustrated form of register, however, the whet-ls 32 operate a correspond ing series of registering wheels 32 so as to display the registered number at a relatively elevated sight opening 33 in the hood of the register casing, see Fig. 2.

The specific form ot' register employed is immaterial, so far as my present invention is concerned, but for a complete disclosure of an available form of register, attention is 35 tion, is rigidly secured by suitable n'ieans and occupies a fixed position relative to the traveling carriage 4 of the typewriter. The carriage. is therefore utilized as a support for a master actuator 34. in the form of a 40 toothed wheel mounted on-an actuator shaft 35 and laterally. movhble'with the carriage to engage successive number wheels or de nominationalmembers 32 of the register.- The position ofthe typewriter carriage therefore determines or selects the denomi national position of the master wheel with "reference to the register so that when the carriage is disposed in position to print in any given denomination or order of the column, the master wheel 34 will be men? gagement with the number wheel occupying a correspomling denomiiiatiirnal position. Thus if the carriage is in position to p 'int a digit in the tens order of the column, the

master wheel will be. opposite tonnd in engagement with the tens wheel of the register.

In order to accumulate in the register the value of each digit printed on the work sheet, provisitn is made whereby the depression of any Hie o the numeral keys 12 will effect. a rotary i'nm'ement of the n'iastrrdrheel corresponding in extent to the value of the p:u.'tici dur key depressed. Thus the depressu n of the "1" key cilia-ts a single unit of 0 movement to the master wheel 34, while the adjusted 9 key effects nine units of movement of said wheel, the intermediate keys similarly serving to actuate the master wheel in ac-, cor-dance with their unitary values. ,For the purpose of thus'eperating the master wheel- 34; from the numeral keys 12 what is known in the art as differential mechanism is employed. This mechanism embraces a series of ratchet wheels 36 fixed to the actuator shaft. 35, a driving arm 37 loosely swung from the shaft adjacentfito each ratchet, a pawl 38 carried by each arm to engage and drive the adjacent ratchet, and a pair of crossed levers 3S) and t0 serving as an operating connection between each numeral key and one of the driving arms. The leivers 39 and 4.0 are fulcrumed at their front and rear ends respectively, as indicated at 41 and 42, and have loose pivotal connection at 43, the rear end of each lever 39 being geared to a driving arm, as clearly shown in Figs. 4 and 5,.and the front end of each lever 40 supporting a pendent link 44. ()rdinarily these links are detachably connected with the numeral keys by means of a lug 4:5 projecting from the link and engagi a notch in the adjacent pin 26. as

shown 11 Fig. 1, so that the link and the adjaeent numeral key are entirely interdependent. By so arranging the pivotal connections 43 of the several sets of levers as to varyzthe throw of each lever 39, the requisite differential movement necessary to cause each key to i1npart. a different degree of movement to the master wheel is obtained. For a more complete disclosure of the register operating mechanism, attention is directed to Patento. 829,971 to Laganke and Smith. It is also usual to employ means for automatically connecting and disconnecting the numeral keys from the adding mechanism.

under certain conditions by swinging the links Mont of engagement with 'tlicjke v's'. This mechanism is illustrated generally in the accompanying drawings, but isniore fully-shown in Patent ho. 863,232 to J. A. Smith.

The means facilitating subtraction by oomplememal addition. (See Figs; 1 to 14.)--=As is well understood by those skilled in the art, itis possible to utilize adding machines for subtraction by what is known as complemental addition, that is to say, by adding to the minuend the complement of the subtrahend. To facilitate this operationon the Elliott-Fishermachine, I provide each of the type heads (3 of the numeral typebars With two numeral types, the lower case type being the digit represented by the key and the upper case type being the complemental digit, considering 9 as the whole number. Thus the type bars will-bear as lower case characters the digits 1 to 9 and 0 and the same bars will bear as upper case characters the complemental digits 8 to 0 and 9. For instance, the bar actuated by the 1 key will carry the 1 type in lower case position and the 8 type in the upper case position, the bar of .the 2 'key will bear the types 2 and 7 in smaller than the normal or lower case numeral and of contrasting color. It will thus be noted that the case shift makes it possible to print dilferent numerals, to-wit, a given digit or its complement, by the depression of a single key. Such key, however,-will always effect a uniform rotary movement of the master wheel and consequently a uniform operation of the computing device. Thus a value corresponding to the lower case value of. any key depressed will be added to the amount in the register, regardless of whether the upper or lower case digit is printed.

In performing subtraction by complemental addition, the machine, in normal or lower case position is operated to set up the minuend on the register by depressing the numeral keys whose lower case characters correspond to the digits included in the minuend. It is necessary to add to the minuend the value, not of the subtrahend, but of the complement thereof, and itis desirable to simultaneously print, not the complement of the subtrahend, but the subtrahend itself, so that the minuend and subtrahend will properly appear on the work sheet. To accomplish this purpose the case key is depressed to insure the printing of upper case characters and the operator proceeds to typewrite the subtrahend by depressing the proper numeral keys. In the operation of printing the subtrahend, however, the keys are selected with reference to the upper case designations, towit, the small numbers of contrasting color. The result will be that the subtrahe'nd will be properly printed, but the complement of such subtrahend will be added to the minuend previously set up or accumulated in the register. For instance,

suppose it is desired to perform the following example:

The minuend 64 is printed in the usual manner. The case key is then operated,

and the numeral keys bearing the small or complementary characters 3 and are operated. This will effect the printing of the subtrahend 32 under the minuend 64, but these two keys, instead of adding 32 to the register, will add the complement thereof, to-wit, 67, and the sum of the minuend and the complement of the subtrahend will show on the register a total of 13. thus:

This result is that which is ordinarily obtained when the operation of subtraction by complcmental addition is performed on an ordinary adding machine and the operators attention is directed to the fact that the left hand digit is 1 in excess of the proper value, while the right hand digit is 1 less than the proper value. Therefore to get the correct remainder, the operator mentally or otherwise subtracts 1 from the left hand di 'it and adds 1 to the right hand digit, WlllCl'l will give the proper remainder 32, thus:

Vhile the described construction of a combined typewriter and adder whereby subtraction may be accomplished is novel and useful, one of the primary objects of my invention is to avoid the registration of a false remainder, as for instance 131 in the above example, and to secure in lieu thereof the registration of the true remainder in order to eliminate any mental calculation or reservation on the part of the operator while copying on the work sheet the result of the subst-raction. To this end I provide the machine with two supplemental keys, to-wit a supplemental 9-key 46 and a supplemental l-key 47. As is well under stood, the excess value ordinaril obtained by complementary addition is us to the carrying from the number wheel represent-- ing the highest order of the subtrahend to the wheel of next higher order. Advantage is taken of this fact to eliminate the excess value by accumulating 9 on each of the wheels to the left of the subtrahend so that, when the carryin takes place, the excess will be eliminat by reason of the fact that it would be registered outside of the capacityof the register and therefore does not appear in the registered result 510bviously, however this operation of" the machine to throw nines into the register must not be accompanied by the printing of the nines on the work sheet, although it is essential that the carriage feeding mechanism be cooperatively related to the supplemental 9-key so that as said key is successively operated the carriage will move forward step-by-step to present the master wheel to Successive number wheels. As w ll be seen by reference to' Figs.

4and 5, the 9-key 46 is mounted on a key stein 46 rising from the front end of the lever 40 constituting an element of the connection between thel usual 9-key 12 arid the register actuator. By depressing the supple- "mental 9-key 46 therefore, the master Wheel may be operated in precisely the same manner assaid wheel is operated upon.

the depression of the ordinaryQ-key. Ob-

viou sly, however, special provision must be made'to prevent the link 44, depressed by the su plemental 9-key .46, from depressing the a jacent Q-key, as this would result in the printing of 9 on the work sheet Such provision "consists in substituting for the notched pin connection 26, 45, shown in l ig, 1, astraight pines projecting from the stem of the 9-key' 12 and over the lug 45 of the adjacent link. "As a result oithis, the depressioniof theusual 9-key, see Fig. 5, will'operate the register actuating mechanism in the usual manner by carrying down thelink44 and with it"the levers and 39 'so as to cause the operation of the printing mechanism,- the addingniechanism, and the carr age spac ng mechanism, as usual. If,

however; the supplemental 9-key 46 is dep1'essed,,as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 4, the lug will merely move awayfrom the pin 26f and as a result the adding mechanismfwiilfbe operated to throw 9 into the register without in anyway affecting the 5-)- therewith.

key I). or the printing mechanism connected In, other words, the supplemental Qskey may be utilized to operate the 'addiiig.'mechan1sm independently of the I yrieivjr t ng mechanism.

ciated'wit'h the key 46, a yoke operating lug 48 located to one side of and outof interfering relation with the pin 26, but overlying the transverse bar of one of the yokes,

see Figs. 4, 5,10 and 11. Therefore whenthe supplemental 9-key '46 is operated, it

willzoperate the adding mechanismand the carriage spacing mechanism indeplendently of the printing mechanism ofthe types writer, as indicated in dotted, in Fig. 4, thus enabling nine units of v'alue to be accumulated upon successive number wheels without. printing on the work sheet.

underlies a straight pin 26 extending from p the stem of the usual l-key. Thus when the 1key 12 is depressed, as shown in full lines in Fig. 7, the adding mechanism the printing mechanism, and the carriage spacing mechanism will allbe operated inthe usual manner. If, however,the supplemental 1- key 47 is depressed, as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 6, the master wheel operatingconnection of the l-key will be actuated independently of the l-key and of the printing mechanism associated therewith and also independently of the carriage spacing mechanism, since it will be observed that p the lug 45 is not of sufiicient length to engage the adjacent spacing yoke and since the link associated with the supplemental l-key 47 is not provided with a yoke operat ing lug such as the lug 48, associated with the supplemental 9-key;

Recapitulatz'om (Flgs. 1 to 14.) -It will be seen that in accordance with my invention, the numeral type bars of a combined typewriting and adding machine are lower case position and l with complementary numeral types in upper case position, and that upon the numeral keysot thev typewriter are displayed the usual numerals and their complements so that any digit or the complement thereof may be printed, accordingly as the machine is arranged 'to print lower or upper case characters. Further more, that each of the numeral keys serves, when depressed,'to accumulate inthe register, a valuecorresponding to the lower case value of the-key,regardless of the value of the digit printed by the depression of such key, so that a key may be depressed t( simultaneously print and add the um value, or to print one valu' and; accumulate the complement thereof ii -he, register, as desired. Furthermore, that the machine is equipped with a special 9-key and a special l-key locatedat the keyboard of the. typewriter for convenient manipulation, the 9- key serving, upon depression, to accumulate nine units of value on any given number wheel of the register without operating the printing mechanism and also serving to cause the adv: uce f the master means to the next nu er W3 eel, and the suppleequipped with numeral types, as usual, in

be properl mental l-key serving, upon depression, to accumulate one unit of value on a given number wheel without operating the printing mechanism or causing a lateral advance of the master means.

In accomplishing subtraction by means of the machine described, the minuend is first set up by the manipulation of the proper numeral keys, as in ordinary addition, the register reading as follows:

The case key 9 will next be depressed to cause the printing of 11 per case characters upon the depression of the numeral keys. Then the subtrahend is printed by depressing the pro er ke s with reference to the upper case igits isplayed thereon, for in1 stance 32. This will cause the printing of the subtrahend 32 below the minuend 64, but, as the lower casevalues of the two keys depressed to print the subtrahcnd are.

6 and 7 respectivel the subtrahend will printe thereof wil be accumulated in the register. Before the last digit of the subtrahend is printed, however, that is to say, when, in the example'given, the master wheel comes opposite the units wheel of the register, andthe printing point of the typewrlter comes opposite the units order of the column, the supplemental l-key is first operated to accumulate an extra unit of value. This operation, however, does not result in printing a digit on the'work sheet, nor does it cause the carriage to advance. Therefore, if, after the accumulation of this extra 1,

the last digit of the subtrahend is printed,

it will be printed and accumulated in the same order, that is to say, in the units order of the column and register respectively. The operation of accumulating the subtrabend in the register may be illustrated thus 0000004 00 registration of mlnuend. 99999 niues thrown in by supplemental Q-key.

9990964 00 registration alter nines are thrown In.

0 complement of subtrabcnd except last digit.

0000024 ()0 registration bcloro 1 is thrown in. 1 one thrown in by supplemental l-kcy.

@725 no registration after one is thrown in.

7 complement of final digit of subtrahend.

32 correct remainder.

It will be seen that when the first digit of but they complement the subtrahend, to-wit 3, is printed, the complement thereof, to-wit- 6, will be ac umulated in the register in the tens order. amount, added to the amount already in the register, ,will give a total of 10,000,02400.

This however exceeds the capacity of the register and the 1 which has been carried through is therefore lost, the register reading 24. The 1 then accumulated in the register in the units position by 'the operation of the sup leniental 1-ke v causes the register to read 25 and the accumulation in the units position of the complemental value, to-

. wit 7 of the lowest digit of the subtrahend will cause the registration of the correct remainder, to-wit 32; Therefore, when the operation of printing the minuendand sub- .trahend is complete, the register will show the printing of a digit or its complement.

In t e broad aspect of the invention therefore, the various well known forms of case shiftsmay be employed in lieu of that illustrated, whether the change of case be effected by shifting the type head, as in the illustrated arrangement, or by the shifting of the platen or type basket, as in certain well known typewriter constructions. It is also within the purview of the present invention to utilize the described improvements in connection with typewriters and adders wherein the ty ewriter is of the movable platen or standai d type. So far as the present invent-ion is concerned, it is obviously immaterial whether the keys and printing mechanism move over the work sheetor are stationary, or whether the relative movement of the register and its actuator is obtained by a movement of one orthe other or both of these primary elements of the mechanism.

The arrangement for arldz'ny or subtracting with or wit/mat printing.lt will be seen that the lovers 40 of the register actuating connections afl'ord convenient mountings for an entire set of complcmental keys adapted to accumulate from 1 to 9 units of value in any given orde" of the register without printing. Thus in Fig. 15 is shown in plan view a machine equipped with a complement of numeral keys 0 as in the construction already described, and an additional or supplemental set of numeral keys b, the latter being mounted on the This levers 4E0 precisely as shown in Figs. 4. and 5. In fact, the plan view of that form of the invention shown in Fig. 15 has been deemed suliicient for illustrative purposes,

because sectional. views'designated to show the relation of the keys a and b to each other and to the actuating mechanism ,of the register would be mere duplications of Figs. .4 and 5. This isfor the reason that the supplemental set of nine numeral keys are designed to operatetheregister independently of the printing mechanism, but necessarily.

operate the carriage feeding mechanism to cause the master wheel to advance to sue-- cessive number wheels, of, thei register.

Therefore, a section taken-through any correspondmg numeral keys of the two sets would-appear as in Figs. 4 and 5,,eircept of course for such variations 1n the several master -wheel operating connections as is;

necessary to secure different degrees of movement of .the master wheel upon the depression of the respective keys. Sufiice it to say, therefore, that upon the depression of any numeral keya a given Value .will be accumulated in the, register and either that Value or the complement thereofwillb'e' printed, the carriage spacing mechanism operated-to advance the carriage, as heretofore described. Similarly, upon the operation of any numeral key Z), of the supplemental set, the master wheel will be rotated. a predetermined distance independ ently of the printing mechanism, and the carriage will be advanced precisely as heretofore described in connect-ion with the operation of the key 46 shown in Figs. 4 and 5.

Upon each of the keys I), like the keys a, are exhibited complemental digits, so that byoperating the keys with reference to one setof digits, correspondlng values may be ing set 6 of numeral keys a O key is provided. This key is in effect a spacing key,"

since it is not designed to operate the printmg mechanism and has no connection with the adding mechanism, except that in add-- ,ing without printing, it is struckto space occurs the number being set up onthe register and performs the carriage when O the same fu'nction'when, in the operation of subtraction,'9 appears in the number being said key, is printed, the complement thereof' of the adding mechanism for set up, because inthe/latterevent, 0 being the complement of 9, it is unnecessary to accumulate a value and the only necessity is to space the carriage. .As this key, which for convenience will be designated a, is a mere spacing key, it may be omitted and theusual space key employed inlieu thereof when a 0 occurs in the addition or a 9 occurs n the subtrahend ofa subtraction. The use of the key a,'howe'ver,"is preferable-by reason of the digital indications thereon. It will be observed that in this arrangement'the l key, designed; to operate the extreme left'hand actuating connection of the master wheehis adapted-,to operate the j carriage feeding mechan'i'sm,.since' it has already been stated that th'e relation of the keys shown in Figs.

4 and 5 is identical with the relation of the keys a and b which b'ear itl iedigits ljto 9 in lower case position. This isnecessarily :so because itis essential to the accumulation of a number either 111 subtractionor additlon that the carriage be advanced one step after the value of each digit'is added, whether. that digit be 1 or more; Therefore, in order to provide for the throwing of 1 into the" register without spacing the' can riage, immediately before the last digit-of the subtrahend is printed or the complementof such value is accumulated in the register, I extend the shaft 35 l'ieyond the 9-keyconnecti0n and equip thesanie with an additional operating connection identical in all essential respects with the other 1-key connection. 1 This duplicate l-key con'nec? tion atthe right hand end of the supplemental series of keys 'b, is provided with an additional or duplicate l key designated 47 and its relation to the register operating connection and to the carriage feeding mechanism is precisely that shown in 'con nection with the supplemental key 47 in Fig. 7, except that the link 4-4 is not cooperatively related to any other keyysince the sole function of this duplicate or'additional. l-key is to operatethe registerindependently ofall other keys or of the carriage feeding mechanismfor' the purpose of adding 1 to the register to make up the deficiency in the remainder before the complement of'the last digitof the subtrahend is accumulated. A sectional view of this additional l-key connection is thought to be unnecessary because it would be a more duplicate of Fig. 7 with the lug 45 omitted.

The manipulation of the machine shown in Fig. 15 to accomplish addition-either with or without printing is sufliciently cl,

vious. I In subtracting without printing, the keys '6 are manipulated precisely as the numeral keys are manipulated inthe form of the invention first described, the Q-key and the additional l-k'ev' 47' being utilized. to throw in the nines and the l. lnsubtraction with printing, the keys (1 are manipu lated as heretofore described, and the nines andl are thrown in by the manipulation of the two right hand keys of the complemental set 6.

Before concluding, attention may be directed to the fact that the separable eonnection between the links 44 and the stems of the keys (4 ,in Fig. 15 imparts a triple capability to the machine. Thus by manipulating the keys a it is possible to both compute and print; by manipulating the keys 6 itis possible to compute without printing; and by swinging the links 44 out of cooperative relation with the keys a, it is possible to manipulate the latter keys to print without computing.

It is thought that from the foregoing, the construction, operation and advantages of the described improvements will be fully comprehended, but I wish to be understood as reserving the right to effect such variations of the illustrated structure as may come fairly within the scope of the protection prayed.

What I claim is 1. In a recording and adding machine,

the combination with a register, of printing mechanism arranged to print a number or the complement thereof, means for operating the printing mechanism to print a number and accumulate the value thereof in the register and also to print a number. and ac- -cumulate the complement thereof in the register, and a supplemental key operative independently of the printing mechanism to accumulate a value in the register.

In a recording and adding machine, the combination with a register, of printing mechanism arranged to print a number or the complement thereof, means for operating the printing mechanism to print a number and accumulate the value thereof in the register and also to print a number and accumulate the complement thereof in the register, and a pluralityof supplemental keys operative independently of the printing mechanism to accumulate different values in the register.

3. In a recording and adding machine, the combination with a register, of printing mechanism arranged to print a number or the complementthereof, means for operating the printing mechanism to print a num- 'ber and accumulate the value thereof in the register and also to print a number and accumulate the complementthereof in the register,'and a supplemental 1-key operative independently of the printing mechanism to accumulate'in the register a unit of any desired denominational value.

4. In a recording and adding machine, the combination with a register, of printing I'nec'hanism arranged to print a number or .the complemei'itthereof, means vfor operat-- ing the printing mechanism to print a number and accumulate the value thereof in the register and also to print a number and accumulate the complement thereof in the register, and a supplemental 9-key operative independently of the printing mechanism to accumulate in the register nine units of any desired denominational value.

5. In a recording and adding machine, the combination with a register, of printing mechanism arranged to print a number or the complement thereof, means for operating the printing mechanism to print a number and accumulate the value thereof in the register and also to print a number and accumulate the complement thereof in the register, a supplemental l-key operative independently of the printing mechanism to accumulate in the register a single unitof any denominational value, and a supplemental 9-key operative independently of the printing mechanism to accumulate in the register nine units of any desired denominational value.

6. In a combined typcwriting and adding machine, the combination with a typewriter including a carriage, carriage feeding mechanism, numeral printing mechanism, and numeral keys, of a register including-a series of denominational mcmbers,a mastermeans for said members, means for operating said master means upon the depression of the numeral keys of the typewriter, and a supplemental 9-key operative independently of the printing mechanism to cause nine units of movement to be imparted to the master means and to also cause the operation of the carriage feeding mechanism- 7. In a combined t-ypewriting and adding machine, the coml'iination with a typewriter in luding a carriage, carriage feeding mech anism, numeral printing mechanism, and

numeral keys. of a register includinga series of denominational members, a master means for said members, means for operating said master means upon the depression of the numeral keys of the typewriter, a supplemental 1-key operative independently of both'the printing mechanism and the carriage feeding mechanism to cause a single unit of movement of the master means, and a supplemental 9-key operative indcpendently of the printing mechanism to operate the carriage feeding mechanism and to cause nine units of movement ofthe master means 8. In a combined typewriting and adding n'uichine, the combination with a typewriter including a carriage, carriage feeding mechanism, numeral keys, two complemental setsof digit types operative from the numeral keys, and means for determining which set of types shall be operated upon the depressinn oft-he keys, of a register including a series of 7 machine, the combination with. a typewriter machine, the combination with of types shall be operated upon series of denominational members and carry- 0 the printing sion of the keys,

1.3.In a combined typewriting and addmg machine, the combinationwvith a typewriter including a carriage,-carriage feeding mechanism, numeral keys, two complemental setso'f digit types operative from the numeral keys, and means for determining which set of types shall. be operated upcii the depression of the keys, of a register including a series of denominational members and carrying means, a master actuatorcommon to all of said denominational members, and a supplemental 1key operative indedenominational members and carrying means, a master actuator common to all of said denominational members, and means for operating the master actuator independently of the printing mechanism.

9. In a combined typewriting and adding carriage feeding mechanism, numeral keys, two complemental'sets of digit types operative from the numeral keys, and means for determining which set of types shall be operated upon the depression 'of-the keys, of a register including a series of denominational mbers andcarrying means, a master actuator common to all of said denominational members, and a supplemental key operative independently of the printing including a carriage,

cause a single unit parted to the master actuator.

14. In a'combined typewriting and adding machine the combination with a typewriter including a carriage carriage feeding mechanism, numeral keys, two complemental sets of digit ty pes operative from the numeral keys, and meansfor determining which set or". types shall be operated upon the depression of the 'keys, of a register including a series of denominational members and carrying means, a master actuator common to all of said denominational. members, and a supplementalQ-key operative independently of the printing Y cause nine units of movement'to be imparted to the master actuator.

15. In a combin'ed typewrit-in'g andadding machine, the combination with a type writer including a carriage, carriage feeding mechanism, numeral keys, two complemental sets of digit types operative from the numeral keys, and means for determining which set of types shall be operated upon the depression of the keys, of a register including a series of denominational members and carrying means, a master actuator common to all of of movement to be immechanism to cause the operation of the actuator.

10. In a combined typewriting and adding a typewriter including a carriage, carriage feeding mechanism, numeral keys, two complemental sets of digit types operative from the numeral keys, and means for determining which set the depres. sion of the keys, of a'register. including a ing means, a' master actuator common to all of said denominational members, and a supplemental key operative independently or" both the printing mechanism an the carriage feeding mechanism to cause the operation of the actuator. 4

11. Ina combined typewriting and adding machine, the combination with atypewriter including a carriage,-carriage feeding mechanism, numeral keys, two complemental sets of digit types operative from the numeral keys, and means for determining which'set of types shall be operated upon the depression of the keys, of a register including a series of denominational members and carrying means, a master actuator common to all of said denominational members, an a supplemental key operative independently mechanism to cause the opthe master actuator and the carriage feeding mechanism. 12. In a combined typewriting and adding machine, the combination with atypewriter including a carriage, carriage feeding mechanism, numeral keys, two complemental sets of digit 'types operative from the numeral keys, and means fordetermining which set of types shall'be operated upon the depresof a register including a series of denominational members and carrying means, a master actuator common to all of said denominational members,- und a' plurality of supplemental keys operative independently of the printing mechanism to cause dilferent degrees of movement to be imparted to the master actuator.

said denominational members, a supplemental l-key operativeindependently of the printing mechanism to cause a single unit of movement to be imparted to the master actuator, and a supplemental 9-key operative independently of the printing mechanism to efiect nine units of movement of the masteractuator and to cause the operation of the carriage feeding meehai ism to change'the denominational. relation of the register and master actuator.

16. In a recording and adding machine, the combination with a. register, a key depressible to cause the accumulation of a valuein the register, a second key depressible to cause the accumulation of theisame value in the register, and printing mechanism operative by one only of said keys to cause the printing of either of two complementa y digits.

eration of both 1 machine, the'combination with a register, a master actuator therefor, a carriage movable to change the denominational relation pendently of the printing mechanism to mechanism to 17. In a combined recording andadding of the register and its actuator carriage feeding mechanism, and printing} mochaand printing mechanism, and a second I depressible. to cause the operation of the register independently .ofl the printi'm incchanisnnboth of said keys. being adapted to operate the carriage :leedingmechanism to change the denominational relation. of the register and its actuator.

"18. In a'comhinedreeording and addin g the; combination with a register 111- machine, cludinga series of denom national-members and carrying means, of a master actuatorcommon to, said membersfa carriage motable to change the denominational relation: t of the register and its master actuatoncar? 'riage feeding-mechanism controlling the movement .of the carriage, printing mecha-- .nism including two complementalty a" key depressible to cause -the,operat1on ofboth the register and printing-mechanism,

ineansfor determining whichfof the types shall be operated to print upon the.depre.s-' sion of said key, and a supplemental keydepressible to cause the operation of the master actuator-independently of the print ing mechanism, both of said keys being a!- ranged ,to operate the carriage feeding;

mechanism to change the denominational nelation of the register and its master actuator. 19.. In a combinedrecording and adding 'machine, the combination with arregister P includinga' series ofden'ominational men'r- 35 hers and carrying means, of a master actu ator. common to said members, a. carriage movable to'change the denominational relationof the register andits master actuator,

carriage feeding mechanism controlling the printing inech'a-' movement of the carriage, nism including two complemental types, a key depressible tocause 'the operation of both the register and printing mechanism,

means for determining which of the types.

shall be operated to rint upon the depression of said key, a supplemental key detional membersand a master actuator'rela-' pressible to cause. the operation of the ma's-. ter actuator independently of the'printrng mechanism, both of said keys being arranged to operate the carriage feeding. mechanism to change the denominational relation of the register and its master actu ator, and a second supplemental key depres-f sible to cause the operation of the master actuator independently of both the printing the carriage feeding mechamechanism. and

20. In a recording and computing machine, the combination with mechanism including a series of denomina- .tively movable to change the denominational relation of saidmembe-rs and actuator,jof printing mechan1sm, asetof numeral'keys controlling the operation of both the-printnisin, of a keycommon to both thefIre ister: key;

computing operation of theact-uator alone;

the combination;v with a typewriter including acarriage,print nginechanism and numeral keys, ofa register, a'master actuator. operoperating' {the register printing-mec'hamsm.

print, 7 ai 'complemental set of upper case the upper case types to" nism operated upon the depression of the;

digits exhibited thereon,

operated byjeaehkey to print, means. for 5 determining" which typewill be operated adding mechanism---operated upon the do 4 thereon.

' mechanism types, a set. of numeral keys each depressible to cause either of two types to print, an addingmec anism operate'd .upon the depression .of'the numeral keys, second set of numeralkeys'deprcssible tocausc the operation mechanism independently of the printing mechanism, carriage feeding mechanism 0' er'ated npon the depression of each of t e ed to operate the adding mechanism inde- "and thecarriage; feeding mechanism.-

actuator, and keys operatire tocause the operation. of the actuator. without printin l 26. In a-- combinedin'cluding l each of which is operatn'eto cause the print- 21.In--a-conibined typewriter and adde iii .10

numeral :keys toaccumulate ,values repre- 'sented' the filower -case 'ttypgs, and fm i additional set of numeral-.keys"deprcssiblc Ttoscause the operation of the addingf-meclia- U nismpin'dependently of thegprinting' mechgr;

'23.-In combination, a typewriter having pendently of both the printing mech'anism' 25. In a recording and adding frnachine,- the combination with adding mechanism andan actuator therefor, of printing mechl anism operative to print complementtrl 'nu-m-' f i 'bers and controlling the operation-[of thef 1 typ'ewriting ad in}; machine, the combination with'a typewriter printing mechanism 5 and "keys,

ing mechanism and the master actuator, and a second set of numeral keys controlling 'the ated'from the numeral" keys of the type'- I writer, and a's'econd set 'of numeral keysfor independently of the In combination, a' typewriterhaving numeral keys, s 'setoi lower case numeral types normally operated by; t-liekeys" to 80.. numeralt-ypes, a case key operativejto cause; printed-uponfthedepression of'the keys,=yan' addingmecha- Isa" - 24. In a typewriting and-addingmachine, I l thecombinat-ion With'a carriage, printingincludin'g. complemental digit" complemental I of'the adding keys recited, and-an additional l-key adapt 10f an aglding mechanism operated by said in presence of two witnesses.

(6Y8, an 2; second set of keys arranged to operate the adding mechanism independ- JOHN SMITH ently of the printing mechanism, the keys Witnesses:

of each set having eomplementary digits d1s- SARA. L. SWJ XGEL,

played thereon. I A. W. SWENGEL.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for in cents each, by addi'essing the Commissioner of Patents,

' Washington, D. G. n i

ing of either of two complementary digits, I In testimony whereof I aflix my signatiire 

